The 5th Dimension: Math for Physics Outside Our Universe
Original PDF نویسندگان: Paul Daiber
جزئیات
فرمت: Original PDF صفحات: 284 pages تاریخ انتشار نسخه الکترونیکی : October 17, 2025
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لینک: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0FWQLFR2R
494,000 تومان
زمان تحویل: حداکثر 24 ساعت
توضیحات
This book is about math more than it is about physics, because math, founded in axioms, logic, and proofs, forms a foundation of truth on which developing concepts in physics are built. The book’s first significant improvement to applied math uses electromagnetism as its example. Axiomatic Set Theory is altered to the result that the largest finite number in a count increases with time. This connection between time and the largest number counted removes positive actual infinity as a quantity of a set, and that in turn removes troubling paradoxes. Another consequence is that real numbers have finite precision and are complemented by finite imprecision. Validity of redefined real numbers is confirmed by mathematical beauty of simplicity in the Dirac Equation using a Lorentz Transformation for observing activity at the speed of light, which, mathematically, is the imprecision. Calculated particle properties using the Dirac Spinor provide a quantum mechanics model for electromagnetic force that, for the first time, unites independently discovered energy density (electric field squared plus magnetic field squared) and momentum density (electric field cross magnetic field) into the force equations that Maxwell used. A second critical modification to applied mathematics is that a 7-dimensional object has a sum of zero for the three rotation angles formed by three independent planes. A 7-dimensional object is relevant because present mathematics for the strong force includes eight matrices as the basis for an 8-dimensional time-super-space. Coordinate system selection in 8-dimensional time-super-space is parallel to half spin and to neutrinos in the 4-dimensional time-space of our universe. Three pairs of polar directions that form the three planes are parallel to red, green, blue colors of up and down quarks. And speed of rotation of each of the three planes around the axis parallels electric charge. The axis of rotation of a 7-dimensional object appears to be the elusive 5th dimension. Eight 2x2 matrices that relate 8-dimensional time-super-space to 4-dimensional time-space suggest the 5th dimension is also the radial dimension centered at the Big Bang and extending through our universe as if our universe is the thin surface of a balloon. Although the radial dimension is not supported by observation, radial lines are separated by angles, and the angles are identified by astronomers as comoving distance that increases per the Hubble flow. The book’s purpose is not speculation about the ever-increasing radial coordinate for our universe and is not the other mentioned parallels, but rather is the math. New concepts in math come after the book carefully trains the reader using text and figures. And symbols are kept simple enough to be understood by someone who has taken advanced math that high schools offer, so that unfamiliar symbols do not prevent comprehension.
494,000 تومان
زمان تحویل: حداکثر 24 ساعت